CUNY Academic Commons

City College Undergrad

Majoring in Digital Design

In the beginning of this journey through language, I was a bit confused when my professor told us her interest in language and what her course would be about. I, like many, didn’t fully understand its importance or how it can change a person. But as time went on, I was pushed to explore language in my own life and find a deeper meaning, then I went on to explore how others are affected by language and made me come to a lot of discoveries.  

I began with my written Language and Literacy Snapshot. For this, I had to figure out how language impacted my life, what benefits came with it. It wasn’t an easy answer to come up with, especially when you don’t think about it too often. My language just slips out of my mouth without a second thought, almost like breathing. But the L&L snapshot focuses on my deepest childhood memories, when my language was a thought and it wasn’t easy to use. It also helped me discover that language is more important than what I had thought. While my snapshot p provided a great deal of information about my background, my writing had not yet evolved to an even better state, so most of what I got from that work was being able to explore myself.

The snapshot led me straight into my first essay, the “Written Language & Literacy Narrative” or WLLN for short, which was a longer version of my snapshot and more in depth. There was definitely some more growth considering I used direct quotes from real people and I was able to further explain my story, why did these events happen, why did the people in my story feel how they felt. While the essay was based on events that happened to me, it was not only about me, but about how language connected me with others as well. Language is not only the exchange of words, but the connection established between people. 

Mid semester, I composed my second essay. Here, instead of using my own experiences, I had to do research about a particular topic in language, I chose to go with the benefits that language can have on children. I only knew a few things before researching like how easy it is for children to ;earn because they are young and are comparable to sponges, but my research using scholarly articles led me to much more information that I didn’t know. For instance in my essay about my findings I wrote, ” Learning a second language at a younger age increases their cognitive and problem solving skills which causes them to excel in areas other than language. In Europe and Asia, all students learning another language fluently is required in schools, that is why most are able to use English as a common means of communication in countries where English is a foreign language,” which I didn’t know until reading the article “Benefits of Learning a Second Language” by NAE  Research. I now saw language as not only a means of communication and connection, but a great intellectual benefit that everyone deserves.

Furthermore, it is because I felt people deserved to know more about language so much that helped me create my third essay, an argument about why language should be taught more in schools. I feel that the U.S. does not teach language enough with just 2 classes of foreign language in high school, most students don’t remember what they learned and forget the language, However, if language was taken more seriously and taught beginning in grade school, most children will graduate high school bilingual with a full understanding of the language and have all the benefits I spoke about in the second essay. I feel that in this essay I grew tremendously because I took two similar topics but made them both rhetorically opposite. One essay was informative while the other was argumentative both speaking about language having an effect on the life of children. I feel the last essay was extremely successful, I made a clear argument, and the growth of my writing is clearly seen in comparison to the first and second essay. 

In high school, I used rhetoric in all my pieces of writing, it was mandatory, and I did end up carrying it with me, but this course helped use rhetoric in something that I feel strongly about, and that is what made my writing different in this class. In this portfolio, there is a piece on me in every sentence, I hope it can be felt when read.

Cover Letter For WLLN

 What is Language? I think it’s not about words, I think it’s about understanding and expressing. The way a person uses their language, their accent, and their words can already tell you a lot about a person because it is part of their expression. Living in New York City, the diversity brings about a whole bunch of different languages which can be a good thing for the environment. This is about painting, instead of having a black and white picture, you add different colors that make a brighter picture. Accepting my language was a struggle for me, and I’m sure I am not the only one. I learned from a TED talk by Safwat Saleem that sometimes language can be considered abnormal to others. When a certain accent or different wording somehow makes you weird. In watching this, I could imagine how it must feel to have something that is a part of you considered a hindrance to others. To feel like you have to cut that part of yourself out just to be understood more or not feel left out. I found this paper to be very eye opening and relieving to finally get my story and how I feel about language on paper, because I hope others can find the same relief in accepting themselves and their language. I also want our community to be more accepting towards other languages, accents, and cultures. Just because someone is different doesn’t mean it is weird or abnormal at all. In fact, I feel that’s what makes everyone unique in their own way. It is also interesting to hear about how their language affects them or how it makes their life different from yours. In English 110, listening to other people’s stories about their language made me happy because some of their journeys are beautiful while some were difficult. My peers are very courageous for presenting how their journey has affected them and I hope inspires those after us to speak up as well, and not be afraid of their own voice. 

WLLN 

Zion Bido 

September 12, 2021 

English 110 

Jennifer Buno 

Growing up in a Spanish household isn’t the easiest, especially as a child who knew only English. I couldn’t juggle both languages in my early ages, so like most I stuck to one. My mom spoke to me in English so that was what I spoke and understood most. The shows I grew up with influenced my English as well: The Wiggles, Winnie the Pooh, Hannah Montana. I’m sure I wasn’t the only child who looked up at the screen admirably. I would always say, “Mom, I want long hair and a guitar. I want to wear a pink skirt and blue jeans! When can I have a locker?” 

        Being more like the people I saw on TV sounded nice, but my great grandmother didn’t agree with all of the “American Culture” I was into, and for the sake of this essay, her name will be Wella. Wella was born in 1944, in Puerto Rico, which at the time was segregated and poor. Wella’s upbringing wasn’t the best either, there was little food, a lot of kids, and many losses. When she saw the opportunity, she married into a family business and moved to the Bronx, New York. From there she made the business her own, and that’s where I grew up. My mother and Wella were at odds because Wella felt that I should be able to learn Spanish, but my mom thought I would be fine because I was happy. However, my mother was a hardworking woman juggling a job, medical school, and her children. She would often leave us with babysitters or my grandmother, but they all spoke Spanish. I would go to the park, attempt to join other children in a game, but it’s hard when they only speak Spanish as well. But the younger me thought, “It’s ok, who needs it?” It didn’t bother me because I felt learning it would be harder than living without it. 

        One day, Wella took on a protest after finding out I had started elementary school, but my mom didn’t place me in any bilingual classes, so she decided to speak to me in nothing but Spanish. This forced me to understand it, since we lived together and other than my mom, she was providing me with my basic needs. It worked for a while, but for Wella it still wasn’t enough. It was one summer, we were sitting over dinner, my mom and Wella were speaking about my upcoming year in the second grade. 

“Why can’t you just put her in the class? It’s free and it is good for her!” Wella urged my mom.

 “She is too old now and she won’t get it. I don’t want her to struggle, she is doing well in school,” argued my mother.

 “Don’t you want her to grow up speaking Spanish? She will get a lot of job opportunities because in New York they only want people who are bilingual. There are a lot of Spanish people, and she won’t be able to understand them.”

 Wella was right, it would be more beneficial to learn Spanish, and my mother knew that, so they finally stopped arguing. My first week of second grade I was transferred, and I will never forget my first Spanish teacher, Ms. Luna.

         My first day transferring was hard, all of my peers spoke Spanish perfectly, as a result I felt alienated from my peers, therefore I felt like the odd one out. Ms. Luna worked with me one-on-one, and while she did make me feel welcome, she was very hard on me. I remember us spending close to a week trying to teach me the difference between “ovejas” and “obejas” and how to sharpen my pronunciation. It was difficult, but I left her second grade class with the basic comprehension and understanding of Spanish. I wasn’t fluent, but I could read, write, and speak enough to get me through fifth grade in bilingual classes. Leaving her, I felt worried because I thought she was the only one who could help me; however, I was wrong and the teachers in the following grades were very supportive of me.

        I am forever grateful to my mother, Wella, Ms. Luna, and all those who helped me in my journey because now I am fluent. I can speak to more people, understand my roots and culture, and I made the friends I have now. Wella’s strike helped me get more job opportunities, expand my resume, and help those in need who only spoke one language or those who needed translations. At my job, I can communicate with those who struggle with their language as well. I love my culture and my background; it has made me who I am today. 

SLLN 

Zion Bido

 Diversity means variety, a range of different things, that’s what the dictionary says. However, to me it means uniqueness It means creativity. It means courage. It means beauty. And it means strength. I have had moments where I felt my diversity was a hindrance, especially moving down south. Everyone stayed in their friend groups; however, the friend groups were made up of the same color, the same language, and the same hobbies. You could tell no one was willing or open enough to sit with a person who was different. People stayed away from me, I couldn’t make any friends, and I felt alone with no one to relate to. I stopped speaking Spanish because I felt if I ever did, it’d be weird or draw attention. I remember putting on a huge black coat because I felt it could hide in it, it protected me from the stares I got. Moving back to New York made things better, after all diversity is everywhere. Now that I look back, I think it is a shame that in many places, being different in any way is weird or abnormal. I am young but it still took me years to finally be proud of what I am. I don’t mind the attention I get, and I don’t mind the skin I’m in. I feel society’s outlook on diversity should be more accepting, why should people have to fight for better treatment, for justice, for their rights, just because they look different. I have outgrown my insecurity, but there are children and even adults who still feel like they don’t belong. I hope society can see that when we accept each other no matter where we come from or how we look, we are a step closer to world peace. Koi fish come in different sizes, different colors, different patterns, but they can still swim in the same pond with each other. 

Zion Bido 

10/11/21 

English 110 

Prof. Buno 

Cover Letter

Over the course of English 110, I am constantly learning  new things about the importance of language. In this second phase, I learned how much of an impact language can have on a person’s mind and performance, especially in children. I already knew that other countries enforce foreign languages through all grades and that younger children can digest more than one language easier than adults. However, I didn’t know that learning a foreign language at a young age can improve children’s overall performance in all subjects. I knew that some foreign languages were mandatory in the U.S. in highschool, but I didn’t know that older students have more trouble learning and remembering the language being taught. The importance of language from my classmates as well, how language is something that is discriminated against and how many are alienated from it. Professor Buno even shared a TED talk by Karen Leung, who speaks both Cantonese and English, and she expresses how being bilingual is an incredible feat that many don’t realize and are inconsiderate of. This made me think about how much more special language can a person, who wants one when they can have two? If it were up to me I would have five, but I missed out on an opportunity to learn more than one language at a younger age. If I had that same opportunity, I would be even more proud of myself than what I am now. I would flaunt my talent as much as I could, and it would be great if the society of today can appreciate language more and not make foreign language such a strange notion. Being bilingual comes with huge benefits, but instead of endorsing them, society shuts them out. We should work on a society that makes all colors, languages, sizes, and genders equal and accepted.

Language in Schools 

Did you know that the most common language that people use to communicate in the world is English?In foreign countries, when two people from different backgrounds encounter each other, they use English as a means of communication. However, in America, it seems that people don’t put the same effort or importance into learning and teaching any foreign languages. The most effective way to incorporate language into our country is through schooling, especially the schooling of younger children. Teaching younger children different languages comes with many benefits and studies have proven it. 

Going to school is a form of preparation for the future. Children are the future, helping them mold and flourish into the best form of themselves is the overall goal for the adults and parents of today. As time goes by and our world becomes more culturally diverse, it should be a normal thing to see someone who speaks a different language, and even better when you understand them. The National Research Council says, 7″Higher education needs the 1 capacity to serve as a resource on the politics, economics, religions, and cultures of countries across the globe, countries whose positions on the

world stage change over time, often in unpredictable ways.” (National Research Council 2007, Benefits of Learning a Second Language) If children were trained to understand different languages in cultures, their future minds will be able to handle politics, global issues, and interpersonal issues more effectively. It can put a possible end to racism or cultural hate and become a new step towards building a more peaceful future. 

But, the future isn’t the only thing people are concerned about. A lot of effort goes into learning a new language, so the question is, will children be able to handle it. Surprisingly, learning a foreign is actually even better, because younger children, especially from ages 0-6, are at a stage where they absorb all the things they see or hear. Teaching them more than one language can be just as easy as them learning how to walk, talk, or write. It will also be more memorable and almost natural to children where in the future it won;t take much effort to code switch between languages. Since language is so complex, it impacts their behavior and school performance as well. In the article Benefits of Learning a Second Language “A study of 13,200 third and fifth graders in Louisiana public schools revealed that, regardless of race, gender, or academic level, children taking foreign language classes did better on the English section of the Louisiana Basic Skills Test than those who did not. “(Dumas 1999, Benefits of Learning a Second Language, Page 2 ) Learning a second language at a younger age increases their cognitive and problem solving skills which causes them to excel in areas other than language. In Europe and Asia, all students learning another language fluently is required in schools, that is why most are able to use English as a common means of communication in countries where English is a foreign language. The fact that their schooling system is effective and the children learn and develop without a great deal of difficulty is proof that 

Younger children are like sponges, many things they absorb follow them throughout their

life. A study was conducted in Saudi Arabia on what age range of students can learn a language more effectively in school. The study was conducted with students between the ages of 5-6 and the ages 12-13. The person conducting the study, Elsadig Mohammed, examined the curriculum, the syllabus, the teachers, and the overall performance of Saudi students learning English. After conducting his experiment, he discovered, “a- The young students are much better than the adult ones in acquiring vocabulary. b- The suitable age to start learning EFL is the age of 5-6. c- The performance of students who start learning EFL at the age of 12/13 and have studied the language for four years is weak.”(Elsadig Mohammed, The Effects of Age Factor on Learning English: A Case Study of Learning English in Saudi Schools, Saudi Arabia, page 129) This only three of many discoveries he found and it is surprising that even if older students were to try, it would take a long period of time and it still wouldn’t be perfect. Since younger children are at a period where they are prone to learn everything, they learn much faster and easier and spend a lot of the time just mastering what they have learned already. 

When children can learn a new language in school, as they grow older it becomes second nature, making them experts in the language. For reference, Mihn-zan Lu wrote an autobiography called “From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle.” In this story her parents raised her to learn English and standard Chinese. By the time she finally went to grade school, she was fluent in both languages and was able to even hold conversation. She reminisces about how using her language felt like, “I was more intensely pleased on this occasion, however, because suddenly I felt that my family language had been singled out from the family languages of my classmates. Since we were not allowed to speak any other dialect than Standard Chinese in the classroom, having my teacher speak English to me in class made English an official language in the classroom. I began to take pride in my ability to speak it.” (Page 438) Not only will children be able to establish more connections and peace, excel in all subjects, and easily grasp

the language: it could be an emotional benefit as well. It can contribute to their expression and their pride. Just like Lu, I am sure anyone would be proud of being able to do something not everyone can master. 

In sum, studies and personal experience have shown that having foreign language being taught in America would be beneficial and a contribution to the future, our community, and to the classrooms younger children sit in.  There are some foreign language classes in America, however not in younger classrooms, which is exactly why our students can not grasp the language and carry it with them throughout life. Having language incorporated in America’s school children wouldn’t be anything less of an asset, Children won’t struggle nor will the school system if, after all, other countries enforce it as well. Language is something beautiful and students deserve to explore it. 

Works Cited

“Benefits of a Second Language Study: Research Findings with Citations.” National Research Council NEA Research. Published December 2007. Accessed October 12, 2021. Web 

Elsadig Mohamed Khalifa Gawi. “The Effects of Age Factor on Learning English: A Case Study of Learning English in Saudi Schools, Saudi Arabia” The Applied Medical College, Shaqra

University. Published January 1, 2012. Accessed October 12, 2021.

Lu, Mihn-zan. “From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle” the University of Louisville Institutional Repository. Published 1987. Accessed October 12, 2021. Web. 

Zion Bido 

1/10/21 

English 110 

Proff. Jennifer Buno 

Cover Letter 

Coming to the end of this phase, there has been a great amount of knowledge to process. I didn’t just learn about language, but I learned how to look for the right sources, how to cite these sources, and how to organize myself so that all assignments are submitted on time. In class, reading specific pages from Norton on how my papers should be composed and how I should gather my research has enlightened me a lot for this final essay. I feel I have a strong and unique argument that explains the benefits of my argument, the importance and the losses that could be caused from ignoring my argument. I also tried to connect with my audience the way that this subject has connected with me, asking questions to stimulate thought process and having the audience recollect on their past. My essay reaches out to Americans that haven’t really seen language as important, or to students who sit in foreign language classes right now that don’t think of how they could benefit, and the school system of today that allows this ignorance to continue. I hope my essay gives bilingual people more credit and spotlight, because speaking more than one language is a gift that I would like for everyone to share. Writing this has been a very enlightening and challenging experience, therefore I hope my readers are enlightened and challenged as well.

Making Language The Future 

If you look back into your highschool years, many of us can recall having to take extra-curricular courses to pass like art, physical education, or foreign language. So in the case of foreign language, we all had to take at least two classes to graduate, however that isn’t enough to fully grasp, memorize, and use the language throughout everyday encounters. Language is not taught enough in schools, foreign language classes should be mandatory in all grades, from primary school through high school. This way, students graduate with common knowledge of the language that can result in many benefits in and outside of school, equally ensuring a more language-accepting community in America. Bilingual students gain huge mental benefits and skills and they can also create a brighter future with America that acknowledges language as a benefit instead of unordinary. 

The American school system grows larger and more challenging as the years go by, bringing into question how another course might place a strain on young minds, especially those in primary school. Multiple studies show that children who study foreign languages at school excel not just in their foreign language class, but in all subjects, with improved proficiency and comprehension skills. Dennys Canto wrote a research article, “The Importance of Foreign Languages Education at the Elementary Level,” based on multiple studies and wrote, “While Most schools only offer. Spanish at the secondary level, foreign languages should be taught at the elementary level because it helps with literacy in English, it enhances problem solving, attentional control and the ability to switch tasks, but most importantly, young children are intrinsically better language learners, and will, therefore, become more proficient and retain

more as early exposure will increase the amount of input.” (Canto, Page 5) Beginning foreign language lessons in elementary school and carrying on all the way till highschool will do nothing but help students instead of placing a strain, seeing how students now have the advantage in all subjects. Students will be able to handle another course, especially since students learn the basics in primary school, so the rest of school will just include perfecting and memorizing the material, so that by graduation, students can be fluent in more than just one language. In a different section, Canto even examines modern schooling, saying “It is analyzed that current trends of foreign languages spoken and taught in the United States may not be supported by the current structure of our school system.” (Canto, Page 4) America will be at a loss if our school system isn’t changing for the better. America is the top most diverse country in the world, welcoming all foreigners to stay or travel, however the school system doesn’t accommodate them nor teach students about diversity in language. 

In their early ages, children absorb everything around them, learning something new every day. If an infant learned how to pick up their native language, who says they can’t do the same for another language, and wouldn’t that make the rest of their education much easier? In a scholarly article published by NEA Research, it reads, ” ‘The power to learn a language is so great in the young child that it doesn’t seem to matter how many languages you seem to throw their way….They can learn as many spoken languages as you can allow them to hear systematically and regularly at the same time. Children just have this capacity. Their brain is ripe to do this…there doesn’t seem to be any detriment to….develop[ing] several languages at the same time” according to Dr. Susan Curtiss, UCLA Linguistics professor. (Curtain & Dahlberg 2004)” (NEA Research, Page 4) While learning a language may be challenging for the average adult, children are able to learn easier seeing how they grasp and memorize everything they see.

If surrounded by English, they learn it, if surrounded by both English and Spanish, they can learn both, it is only a matter of exposing it to them and that is precisely why it should be in schools more, so they are surrounded by it. 

I remember an old friend told me about something unbelievably unexpected that happened while he was in class one morning. It was a math class with many diverse students. One student had just moved here from Asia and was trying her very best in school. One day, she was confused and asked the professor a question, keep in mind she just moved, her accent is heavy which is ok, according to my friend she could still be understood. However, the professor ignored her question and said, “I can not understand you. You are in America now, you should know English by now.” When he told me this, it was very upsetting. This professor teaches in New York, and in one of the most diverse countries in the world yet is still very ignorant of language and diversity. If school made language an important area of study and not just an extracurricular, no one would have to experience the everyday struggle of being bilingual. Students and teachers alike would be accustomed to hearing multiple languages and accents, such comments would be shameful. If being bilingual comes with so many benefits, why do people look down upon it? Why don’t people acknowledge the effort it takes into being bilingual? 

Teaching language is not just about helping students academically, it is about helping our future, because right now the U.S. is not on the greatest note. On the Sandbox News, Jacob Wilson writes an article on the matter, saying “There are approximately 7.5 billion people in the world and 1.5 billion of them can speak English, that is a whopping 20% of the World’s population. Only 360 million people speak English as their native language, this means that all of those people chose to learn English as a second language. Only 20% of the United States speak a second language while 54% of Europe’s population can hold a conversation in two languages.”

(Wilson, paragraph 1) As a prime world power and democracy, the prevalence of bilingual speakers in America doesn’t sound good. Countries like Europe know English because it was taught to them in school when they were younger and as they grew, same goes for Asia and Africa. America is entirely too diverse and popular to lose to such a prevalence, students are the future, so what better way to prepare them if it isn’t in school? 

We have gone over the benefits but I am sure some are thinking, is this really worth another course, won’t students be overloaded? Who has the time? Many may not have the time, but at school, students do. Art Carden is a economics professor in Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama, and he wrote some very interesting things on Forbes about learning a new language, he says” ” ‘But it’s good for society.’ I’m not so sure. For society writ large, it’s hard to see how we’re all made better off by just a bit more language study at the expense of other things people could be doing. In other words, I don’t think there are unrealized spillover benefits waiting to be picked up by nudging people into an extra semester or extra year of Spanish at the expense of the other things they could be doing.” (Art Carden, Paragraph 6) A semester of Spanish can actually do a lot; in fact I grew up speaking Spanish, but when I had to take a Spanish class in High School it made me realize I have very little skill in my writing and spelling. If these classes are taught during school hours, then what time is being consumed? After all, these classes can help students in all subjects and as they climb up their grades the language becomes easier to speak and understand. It would be much harder getting into high school and having to pass a French course without knowing the first thing about language. Foreign Language shouldn’t be taught all at once, things take time. Foreign languages being taught throughout their years in school will ensure that by graduation, all students know at least two languages. Rebutting to Professor Carden, of course society doesn’t see the importance of being bilingual, because it is overlooked and unacknowledged. English is an important and popular language in the world, so Americans see no need in learning another language. Just because English is a common means of communication doesn’t make French, Japanese, or Spanish any less important. 

Currently, no matter the benefits of language, our school system continues to not implement as much language in schools as they should. Not all schools in the U.S. disregard language, there are some primary or intermediate schools that begin early, but for most schools, math, english, and science are the essentials. The current school system fails to consider benefits or see foreign language as a subject, not just an extra-curricular, because if taught well for a good period of time, this can stick with students for the rest of their lives. In Saudi Arabia, a study was conducted to see how well younger students can learn language compared to older students, the writer, Elsadig Mohamed Khalifa Gawi, writes her findings, “This Study found out that: 1. The performance of students who begin learning a foreign language at an earlier age (5/6) is better than those who start later (12/13). 

2. The younger students are, the better they will learn English. 

3. Young learners speak English more fluently than adult learners.” ( Khalifa Gawi, Page 129) Since studies prove young students can learn language more effectively than older students can, then having foreign language courses begin in highschool is less effective. For those reading, if you took a foreign language class in highschool, how much can you recall? Can you hold a basic conversation in the language? Can you read and recognize the words like how you were taught in that short semester? If you can, great, because most people can’t. Our school system makes it almost pointless to teach these foreign language classes, because teaching two courses in

highschool isn’t enough for students to fully grasp and be able to use that language throughout their careers or life. Maybe they leave with basic greetings, but students won’t be fluent or be able to hold a conversation. 

In summary, foreign language in school isn’t acknowledged as a benefit nor something that is important. Foreign language should be taught in schools starting from elementary all the way through the end of highschool. This way, all students graduate knowing more than one language, maybe even up to three or four languages. Doing this will create a better future for our students and America. Some may feel learning a new language is unimportant and time consuming, but they are sorely mistaken and haven’t fully taken into account the benefits being bilingual comes with. Let us take steps toward making a better school system and a better society that acknowledges the gifts that come with language. 

Cites 

Carden, Art. “Should All Schools Require Foreign Languages? Doubtful.” Forbes.com. Published May 22, 2018. Accessed November 12, 2021. Web 

“Benefits of a Second Language Study: Research Findings with Citations.” National Research Council NEA Research. Published December 2007. Accessed October 12, 2021. Web

Elsadig Mohamed Khalifa Gawi. “The Effects of Age Factor on Learning English: A Case Study of Learning English in Saudi Schools, Saudi Arabia” The Applied Medical College, Shaqra 

University. Published January 1, 2012. Accessed October 12, 2021. 

Engle, Jeremy. “How Important Is Knowing a Foreign Language?” The New York Times. 

Published March 29, 2019. Accessed October 28 2021. Web.

Syed, Daniela. “The Importance or Foreign Languages Education at the Elementary Level.” Northwestern College. Published August 2019. Accessed 27 October 2021. Web. 

Wilson, Jason. ” Should All Elementary Schools Be Required to Teach a Foreign Language?” Sandbox Staff. Published August 15 2019. Accessed October 27 2021. web