• de Certeau’s essay also relates to McGann’s description of “deformance” for me. Building off my post below – de Certeau argues that “the principle characteristic of an ‘art’ is the transformation of one state into another one.” By considering our everyday activities – of “dwelling, walking, spelling, reading, shopping, and cooking” – as the material for artistic practice, de Certeau believes we can gain the capacity to link freedom, creation, and action.” Perhaps most significantly, this transformation of everyday practice into art can be understood as a tactic of “resistance” (oppositional practice), which I imagine might work against some larger critiques of “deformance” (e.g. – that it is somehow purely aesthetic or pretends to be apolitical).