Name:Adonis Cabrera
Department: Psychology
COURSE: PSY100/1901
Date: 03/20/20
Institute: Borough of Manhattan Community College
Instrutor: Asghar Sajadian
Homosexuality a Biological Determination?
Is Homosexuality Biologically Determined? That question raises many different opinions, but there may be but one answer. I chose this topic because of its controversy in this generation and the liberties that have evolved Homosexuality from a taboo”In The Closet” like culture. To a way of life with just rights and protections. Due to violence against them. Originally to obtain more information that can identify if people are born “gay” or “lesbian”. We may ask, is someone born that way? Or did they learn that behavior on their own? In this article I am prepared to seek not only the truth, but a final answer to whether or not human beings are born with or learn a sexual preference. Specifically a same-sex
Preference during and after the course of birth.
Sterilzation by means of Homosexuality
According to an article by Robert Kunzig, Titled “Finding The Switch” homosexuallity may not be entirely biologically determined. This Darwinistic approach recognizes that homosexuallity is sterilization and ultimately the opposite of evolution. There is an example of this, in the text when Kunzing quotes the following “since failing to pass on your genes means that your genetic fitness is a resounding zero. “Homosexuality is effectively like sterilization,” says psychobiologist Qazi Rahman of Queen Mary College in London”. Biologically being unable to pass on your traits eventually leads to genetic demise. There is a clear mystery behind why humans would choose the opposite of what may be morally right, but the answer is to simply shift the approach of the way we look at homosexuallity in terms of some cases being biological and others being affixed by psychological means that were created by a social environment .
A Study Conducted on Twins
There is strong evidence from research conducted by The University of Arizona That supports the biological basis of homosexuality, through a conducted survey questionaire.Two separate twin groups, monozygotic and dizygotic. In which the monozygotic Control group with (34 male pairs and 4 female pairs) had a concordance rate of 65.8% for homosexual behaviour and the dizygotic twin control group had a rate of 30.4% for homosexual tendency. This indicates that hypothetically speaking for every 65 out of every 100 identical-twins will both be self declared homosexual’s. As for the non identical-twins the numbers seem to be significantly lower With only 30 out of every 100 declaring themselves homosexual. This is a 35.4% decrease between both of the experimental groups, why? You may ask. The answer lies in the differentiation of genetics being passed down, and how identical twins have exact copies of DNA leading them to behave and operate in such manners such as homosexuallity furthmore this isn’t always the case, for every social dynamic construct may be different. This is supported by the decrease in concordance by the dizygotic Control group, in which they do not share exact copies of DNA, but may still have a chance of acquiring this gene even if at significantly lower rates.
Sexual Antagonism
In the article “Finding The Switch” There are multiple genetic theories as to why homosexuallity persists in human genes, leading scientists to believe that the fetus was insufficiently fertilized with testosterone. But biologist believe it may be used to actually help women find mates Coining it “Sexually Antagonistic” behaviour. There is a quoted example from the text that states the following “gay genes might promote feminine behavior traits, making men who carry them kinder, gentler, more nurturing–“less aggressive and psychopathic than the typical male,” as Rahman and Wilson put it. Such men may be more likely to help raise children rather than kill them–or each other–and as a result, women may be more likely to choose them as mates.” This entails that bisexualism may occur due to gay men with feminme traits that are more likely to nurtue children. While there are a multitude of strong scientific basis, there may be a correlation between babies having low levels of testosterone and growing up having female-like behaviors exposing them to homosexuallity. Concluding researchers to believe homosexuallity to be more genetic and biological than a psychological disorder in its own right.
Homosexuallity’s Persistence in Genes
There is a direct explanation for the gene of homosexuality making domicle in generations of people, by characterizing homosexuallity as a way for women to weed out men for sexual selection. There is an example quoted that states “When the number of such genes exceeds a certain threshold in a man, they may flip the switch and make him want to have sex with other men. Evolutionarily speaking, that is bad for him. But for the women who are doing the selecting, the loss of a small number of potential mates may be a small price to pay for creating a much larger number of the kind of men they want.” This signifies that a dominant man who attracts women may have his genes turn on him down the line, due to the woman selecting mates who fit their needs. This may be a very reasonable explanation behind the mechanisms of homosexuallity and the role it plays in not only humans but animals as well. The goal is to reproduce but naturally there are always barriers that are used to gut out the weak or improper, such as predators,diseases,rival mates etc. Which all have their own significant meanings behind them.
Conclusion
The underlying answer is still unclear as to whether or not people are born gay (Instinctive Psychological Behavior) or become homosexual through means of social interaction (Experimentation). There is evidence of this doubt in the article “ Homosexual Orientation of Twins” that implies the following “There is no all-inclusive explanation for the variation in sexual orientation, at least none supported by actual evidence,” says geneticist Alan Sanders of Northwestern University. It’s one of the most consistent themes to emerge from the literature on homosexuality: the idea that there are many different mechanisms, not a single one, for producing homosexuality.” This conveys that although there are many strong theories, but there is no exact evidence leading to the genetic formation of homosexuality.
In the works of John B. Calhoun’s Behavioral Sink Theory, rodents where colonized. When populations arose exceedingly, the rodents displayed sexual deviance’s of homosexuality, bisexuality and later cannibalism. This research may provide an indication of human behavior and how Homosexuality may possibly be used as a marker for regulation in terms of population control. The information may lead scientist to unite theories and explanations to form a common conclusion, in order to have a clear basis as to whether or not; evolution causes a person’s hormones to become attracted to the same sex by birth or adapted from social interaction, through experimentation with the same sex.
Therefore concluding that there’s still no clear answer but very reasonable and probable means to an answer in their own right as to why homosexuality persists in human evolution.
Citations:
Finding the Switch – By Robert Kunzig, February 03, 2010 – Psychology Today
Department of Sociology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-2101.
